MITIGASI BENCANA UNTUK SIAGA BENCANA

MITIGASI BENCANA UNTUK SIAGA BENCANA Studi Kasus di Anyer Kabupaten Serang Marningot Tua Natalis Situmorang Program Studi Teknik Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sahid Jakarta natalis_situmorang@usahid.ac.id Abstrak Sejarah mencatat, Selat Sunda berkali-kali mengalami bencana tsunami. Ini disebabkan oleh beberapa fenomena geologi, di antaranya : 1). Erupsi gunung api bawah laut Krakatau terjadi tahun 416, 1883, 1884 dan 1928. 2). Gempa bumi terjadi tahun 1722, 1757, 1852 dan 1958. 3). Kegagalan lahan berupa longsoran di pantai atau dasar laut tahun 1851, 1883 dan 1889. Tsunami ke-12 terjadi Sabtu 22 Desember 2018 di Banten dan Lampung. Jumlah korban meninggal dunia adalah 437 orang. Selain korban meninggal, tercatat 14.059 orang luka-luka, 16 orang hilang, dan 33.721 mengungsi. 2.752 rumah rusak, 92 penginapan dan warung rusak, 510 perahu dan kapal rusak, serta 147 kendaraan rusak. Setiap tsunami, selalu saja menimbulkan korban dalam jumlah besar, semestinya ini dapat diminimalisir, dengan mengoptimalkan institusi kebencanaan melaksanakan mitigasi, yakni memberikan informasi tentang Kawasan dan bencana yang sering terjadi, membangun infrastruktur seperti : tanda sign dan sistem peringatan dini, jalur evakuasi, shelter dan tempat pelindungan ketika terjadi bencana. Tujuan penelitian ini : (1) memberikan pengetahuan tentang pesisir dan ancaman bencana; (2) pemasangan informasi kawasan, sign/tanda, peringatan dini dan jalur evakuasi; (3) meningkatkan kesiapsediaan menghadapi bencana. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pelaksanaannya dimulai dengan wawancara/kuisioner perihal pesisir dan ancaman bencana yang mungkin terjadi, kemudian memperkenalkan dengan simulasi pesisir mulai pintu masuk hingga pintu keluar, dan membuat beberapa titik sign/tanda, alternatif jalur evakuasi, simulasi beberapa kejadian yang pernah terjadi dan mungkin terjadi,- Kemudian evaluasi berupa kuisioner peningkatan kesiapsiagaan terhadap bencana. Kelebihan metode ini, responden langsung bisa melihat hasil penelitian nya, apakah ada pengaruh mitigasi bencana terhadap kesiapsiagaan menghadapi bencana. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di pesisir Anyer, Kabupaten Serang bulan Agustus tahun 2021. Dilakukan kepada 30 orang responden secara aksidental,. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan dan pelaksanaan mitigasi bencana sangat berpengaruh terhadap kesiapsiagaan bencana. Keywords: bencana tsunami, pesisir, mitigasi bencana, kesiapsiagaan bencana Abstract History records that the Sunda Strait has experienced tsunamis many times. This is caused by several geological phenomena, including: 1). Krakatoa's underwater volcanic eruptions occurred in 416, 1883, 1884 and 1928. 2). Earthquakes occurred in 1722, 1757, 1852 and 1958. 3). Land failure in the form of landslides on the coast or seabed in 1851, 1883 and 1889. The 12th tsunami occurred on Saturday, December 22, 2018 in Banten and Lampung. The death toll was 437 people. In addition to the death toll, there were 14,059 injured, 16 missing, and 33,721 displaced. 2,752 houses were damaged, 92 inns and stalls were damaged, 510 boats and ships were damaged, and 147 vehicles were damaged. Every tsunami, always causes large numbers of victims, this should be minimized, by optimizing disaster institutions to carry out mitigation, namely providing information about areas and disasters that often occur, building infrastructure such as signs and early warning systems, evacuation routes, shelters and shelter in the event of a disaster. The objectives of this study are: (1) to provide knowledge about the coast and the threat of disasters; (2) installation of area information, signs, early warnings and evacuation routes; (3) improve preparedness to face disasters. This study uses quantitative methods with a qualitative approach. The implementation begins with interviews/questionnaires regarding the coast and the threat of disasters that may occur, then introduces coastal simulations from the entrance to the exit, and makes several sign points, alternative evacuation routes, simulations of several events that have occurred and may occur,- Then the evaluation is in the form of a questionnaire to increase disaster preparedness. The advantage of this method is that respondents can directly see the results of their research, whether there is an effect of disaster mitigation on disaster preparedness. This research was conducted on the coast of Anyer, Serang Regency in August 2021. It was conducted on 30 respondents by accident. From this research, it is concluded that knowledge and implementation of disaster mitigation greatly affect disaster preparedness. Keywords: tsunami disaster, coast, disaster mitigation, disaster preparedness